Betsy Baker

Associate Professor, Senior Fellow for Oceans and Energy at Institute for Energy and the Environment
Dr. Jur., Christian-Albrechts-Universitat, 2000;
LLM, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat, 1994;
JD, University of Michigan, 1982;
BA, Northwestern University, 1978
Phone: 802-831-1270
Email: bbaker@vermontlaw.edu
Publications
Books and Chapters
Published
- The Precedential Judge Manley O. Hudson: Rivers, Oceans and Equity, in PROGRESS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 451-472 (R. Bratspies & R. Miller eds., 2008).
- States Parties and the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, in LIBER AMICORUM JUDGE THOMAS A. MENSAH: LAW OF THE SEA, PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 669-686 (R. Wolfrum & T. Malik Ndiaye eds., 2007).
- "Civilized Nations" in the Work of Johann Caspar Bluntschli, in POLITISCHES DENKEN IM 17. UND 18. JAHRHUNDERT [POLITICAL THOUGHT IN THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES] 343-359 (R. Reuter & M. Kremer eds., 2007).
- Environmental Liability Legislation in the United States, in ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: TOWARDS A COHERENT CONCEPTION, BERICHTE DES BUNDESUMWELTAMTES (REPORTS OF THE GERMAN FEDERAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY) vol. 2/05 (C. Langenfeld & R. Wolfrum eds.2005).
- FRANCIS LIEBER UND DAS MODERNE VÖLKERRECHT 1861-1881 [Francis Lieber and Modern International Law, 1861-1881], with Johann Caspar Bluntschli, vol. 4 in the series STUDIEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DES VÖLKERRECHTS [Studies on the history of international law], Michael Stolleis ed., Johann Caspar Bluntschli English summary, Nomos Press, Baden-Baden 2002). [Reviewed by Karl-Heinz Ziegler in 123. Bd., Savigny Zeitschrift - Germanistische Abteilung 664 (2006); manuscript cited extensively in Martti Koskenniemi, The Gentle Civilizer of Nations, The rise and fall of international law 1870-1960, Cambridge University Press 2002, Chapter 1].
- Judge Shigeru Oda and the Making of International Law, in LIBER AMICORUM FOR JUDGE SHIGERU ODA, (N. Ando, R. Wolfrum, E. McWhinney eds. Kluwer Law International, 2002) at 213.
- Protection of Global Atmospheric Components, International Freshwaters, National Enforcement of Global Atmospheric Treaties, and Civil Liability as a Control Mechanism for Environmental Protection at the International Level, four chapters in INTERNATIONAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (F. Morrison, R. Wolfrum eds. Kluwer Law International, 2000) at 201, 285, 603 and 821.
- US-Amerikanisches Umwelthaftungsrecht, in UMWELTSCHUTZ DURCH INTERNATIONALES HAFTUNGSRECHT, FORSCHUNGSBERICHT IM AUFTRAG DES UMWELTBUNDESAMTES, Band 7/98 (C. Langenfeld, R. Wolfrum eds. Erich Schmidt Verlag Berlin 1999).
Articles
- (with Sarah Mooney) The Legal Status of Arctic Sea Ice in the United States and Canada, 35 Polar Geography 1-19 (2012).
- Oil, Gas, and the Arctic Continental Shelf: What Conflict? in Arctic Region: Boundaries, Resources and the Promise of Co-operation, Oil, Gas and Energy Law Intelligence Journal, OGEL 2 (2012) http://www.ogel.org/article.asp?key=3251
- Uncommon Heritage: Elisabeth Mann Borgese, Pacem in Maribus, the International Ocean Institute and preparations for UNCLOS III, for 26 Ocean Yearbook, 11-34 (2012) special issue marking the 30th anniversary of the signing of the UN Convention on the
Law of the Sea - Polar Science in the North and South: Tailoring Lessons from Antarctica to Improve Reliability of Legal Access for Marine Scientific Research to the Arctic Ocean, in Doris König, Holger Hestermeyer et al., eds., Coexistence, Cooperation and Solidarity Liber Amicorum Rüdiger Wolfrum, Max Planck Institute of International Law, Nijhoff/Brill, (2011), 671-692, Table of Contents.pdf http://www.brill.nl/files/brill.nl/specific/toc/43246.pdf
- EPIL: "The Hague Peace Conferences" and "regional Seas," two entries in R. Bernhardt, R. Wolfrum/Max-Planck-Institute for Comparative and Public International Law (eds), ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW (Elsevier Science Ltd), 2010
- Law, Science and the Continental Shelf: The Russian Federation and the Promise of Arctic Cooperation, 25 AMERICAN UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL LAW REVIEW 251 (2010), available at www.auilr.org/pdf/25/25-2-4.pdf .
- Filling an Arctic Gap: Legal and Regulatory Possibilities for Canadian-U.S. Cooperation in the Beaufort Sea, 34 VERMONT LAW REVIEW 57 (2009), available at http://lawreview.vermontlaw.edu/articles/v34/1/baker.pdf.
- Environmental Liability Legislation in the United States, 2/05 ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: TOWARDS A COHERENT CONCEPTION, BERICHTE DES BUNDESUMWETAMTES (REPORTS OF THE GERMAN FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY), Erich Schmidt Verlag Berlin (C. Langenfeld, R. Wolfrum eds. 2005).
- The New Partnership for African Economic Development, 63 ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR AUSLÄNDISCHES ÖFFENTLICHES RECHT UND VÖLKERRECHT/HEIDELBERG JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1063 (2003).
- International Law and the Institutions for Financing Sustainable Development after the Johannesburg Summit of 2002, with Volker Röben, in U. Beyerlin (ed.), 63 Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht/Heidelberg Journal of International Law 551 (2003).
- The Method behind Bluntschli's ‘Modern' International Law, 4 JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 249 (2002).
- Environmental Liability Legislation in the United States, in ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION BY MEANS OF INTERNATIONAL LIABILITY LAW, BERICHTE DES BUNDESUMWESTAMTES (REPORTS OF THE GERMAN FEDERAL ENVIRONMENT AGENCY), vol. 6/99, (C. Langenfeld, R. Wolfrum eds. Erich Schmidt Verlag Berlin 1999), at 261.
- Transboundary Environmental Cooperation. Prior Information/Consultation/Environmental Impact Assessment, in volumes 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (G. Händl ed. 1996, J. Brunnée & E. Hey eds. 1997-2002, Oxford 1996-2002).
- Protection, Not Protectionism: Multilateral Environmental Agreements and the GATT, 26 VANDERBILT JOURNAL OF TRANSNATIONAL LAW 437 (1993).
- (with Volker Röben) To Abduct or To Extradite: Does a Treaty Beg the Question? The Alvarez-Machain Decision in U.S. Domestic Law and International Law, 53 ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR AUSLÄNDISCHES ÖFFENTLICHES RECHT UND VÖLKERRECHT/HEIDELBERG JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 657 (1993), cited by the German Constitutional Court (3. Kammer des 2. Senats), Ent. v. 19.10.1994 - 2BvR 435/87.
- Legal Protections for the Environment in Times of Armed Conflict, 33 VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 352 (1993).
- Eliciting Non-Party Compliance with Multilateral Environmental Treaties: U.S. Legislation and the Jurisdictional Bases for Compliance Incentives in the Montreal Ozone Protocol, 35 GERMAN YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 333 (1992).
- Minding the Earth: Global Standards and Domestic Law, 49 BENCH & BAR OF MINNESOTA, May-June 14 (1992).
- Constructing Justice: Theories of the Subject in Law and Literature, 75 MINNESOTA LAW REVIEW 3 (1991).
- Liberating Taiwan: Peaceful Offensive or Armed Might (with Kong Qingjiang), HARVARD ASIAN LAW JOURNAL 32-35 (2000), available at: http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~asiactr/haq/200004/0004a006.htm%20
Book Reviews
- Review of Syma Ebbin, Sea Change: The EEZ and Governance Institutions for Living Marine Resources, 15 OCEAN AND COASTAL LAW JOURNAL (November 2009).
- Review of Yoshifumi Tanaka, A Dual Approach to Ocean Governance: The Cases of Zonal and Integrated Management in International Law of the Sea, 14 OCEAN AND COASTAL LAW JOURNAL (2008) 147-154.
- Review of Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde, Geschichte Der Rechts-Und Staatsphilosophie Antike Und Mittelalter, Mohr Siebeck 2002, 3, no.12 GERMAN LAW JOURNAL (December 2002), available at www.germanlawjournal.com/print.php?id=234%20.
- The Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements (P. Sand ed. 1992), 87 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 198 (1994) .
- Frederic L. Kirgis, Jr., International Organizations in Their Legal Setting, 2d ed. (1993), American Society of International Law Interest Group on International Organizations Newsletter, No. 1, 1994.
Editorial Work
- Editor for Legal Culture in the GERMAN LAW JOURNAL, an English language online journal on legal developments in German, international, and European law, established in 2000.
- Assistant General Editor, LIBER AMICORUM FOR JUDGE SHIGERU ODA, (N. Ando, R. Wolfrum, E. McWhinney eds. 2002), Kluwer Law International, 2 volumes honoring the ICJ judge.
- Assistant Editor, volumes 34 (1992) and 35 (1993), GERMAN YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.
Blogs & Other
- Guest Blog, IntLawGrrls, Uncommon Heritage: Elisabeth Mann Borgese, February 8, 2012, marking the 10th anniversary of her death.
- Arctic Mapping and the Law of the Sea, weblog. 1,200 average monthly views. An ongoing look at the law-science interface in shaping arctic policy, the mapping of the arctic continental shelf and the development of norms for effective governance of the
Arctic and its natural resources. http://arctic-healy-baker-2008.blogspot.com/ - Vermont Law School, Top 10 Environmental Watch List 2012, "Fukushima Fallout Affects Global Energy Security, Cost, Safety, Grid Reliability," with lead author, student Alexander Funk
- Marine Research Access in the Arctic Ocean: Background for Potential Guidelines in a Changing Arctic, with Hajo Eicken (unpublished white paper available at www.iarc.uaf.edu/workshops/2009/4/MSR-10-3-2010-final.pdf, March 10, 2010).
- East Germany's Reckoning with the Past, WALL STREET JOURNAL EUROPE, 10 November 1999.
- Artic Mapping and the Law of the Sea, weblog, An ongoing look at the law-science interface in shaping arctic policy, the mapping of the arctic continental shelf and the development of norms for effective governance of the arctic and its natural resources.
- United Nations Volunteers, note for UNITED NATIONS HANDBOOK (R. Wolfrum ed. 1995).
- NAFTA and Freshwater, U.S. WATER NEWS, October 1994.

